Data sources
The data for Poland comes from the “Business Environment Assessment Study” conducted using the CAWI method among 1,065 decision-makers of companies in Poland between March 4 and May 5 2025, unless otherwise indicated.
The expanded 2025 edition also incorporates a survey of 107 business decision-makers from companies operating in Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic. The Business Environment Assessment Study was conducted using the CAWI method among these respondents between July 1 and October 15, 2024.
Additionally, the report includes responses from 200 decision-makers of companies based in Budapest, Hungary. The Business Environment Assessment Study in Hungary was conducted using the CAWI method between January 12 and October 30, 2024.
Economic indicators and employment conditions in CEE
- Average population (YE ’23) – CEE: A Business-Smart Region, CTP
- Average unemployment rate (2024) – Based on Eurostat
- Average labour cost (2024) – Based on Eurostat
- Average share of non-wage costs (2024) – Based on Eurostat
- Average individual consumption (€/PPS, 2022) – CEE: A Business-Smart Region, CTP
- Growth in individual consumption (2012–2022) – CEE: A Business-Smart Region, CTP
- Combined GDP – PwC, CEE in the spotlight, https://www.pwc.com/c1/en/cee-in-the-spotlight/introduction-to-the-cee-growth-story.html
Investments in CEE in numbers
- Total disclosed value of M&A transactions in Central and Eastern Europe – Investing in CEE, Inbound M&A report 2023/2024, Mazars
- Total number of M&A transactions in Central and Eastern Europe – Investing in CEE, Inbound M&A report 2023/2024, Mazars
- Average annual FDI inflow (2018–2022) – CEE: A Business-Smart Region, CTP
- Venture capital invested in 2023 – 2023 Central and Eastern Europe Private Equity Statistics, Invest Europe
- Private equity investments in Central and Eastern Europe in 2023 – 2023 Central and Eastern Europe Private Equity Statistics, Invest Europe
- Czech Republic’s share of total investment value in Central and Eastern Europe – 2023 Central and Eastern Europe Private Equity Statistics, Invest Europe
- Poland’s share of investment value in Central and Eastern Europe – 2023 Central and Eastern Europe Private Equity Statistics, Invest Europe
- Hungary’s share of investment value in Central and Eastern Europe – 2023 Central and Eastern Europe Private Equity Statistics, Invest Europe
Data sources for reports on Polish cities:
Poland compared to EU countries
- Employment rate – Q3 2024, Eurostat. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat
- Registered unemployment – January 2025, Eurostat. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat
- Minimum wage – January 2025, Eurostat. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat
- Labor costs, salaries per hour – April 2024, Eurostat. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat
- Employer’s cost in addition to the employee’s gross salary – April 2024, Eurostat. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat
- Inflation level – December 2024, Eurostat. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat
Investments in Poland in numbers
- Total CEE M&A market disclosed deal value – Investing in CEE, Inbound M&A report 2023/2024, Mazars
- Total CEE M&A market deal volume – Investing in CEE, Inbound M&A report 2023/2024, Mazars
- Average annual FDI inflows (2018–2022) – CEE: A Business-Smart Region, CTP
- Venture capital invested in 2023 – 2023 Central and Eastern Europe Private Equity Statistics, Invest Europe
- Private equity investment in CEE in 2023 – 2023 Central and Eastern Europe Private Equity Statistics, Invest Europe
- Czech Republic’s share of CEE total investment value – 2023 Central and Eastern Europe Private Equity Statistics, Invest Europe
- Poland’s share of CEE investment value – 2023 Central and Eastern Europe Private Equity Statistics, Invest Europe
- Hungary’s share of CEE investment value – 2023 Central and Eastern Europe Private Equity Statistics, Invest Europe
Infrastructure
- Distances from cities – Google Maps, https://www.google.com/maps
Office space
- Data Cushman & Wakefield, 2024
Educational potential
- Higher education in the 2023/2024 academic year, GUS. https://stat.gov.pl
Employment potential
- Population – Q4 2024, GUS. https://stat.gov.pl
- Unemployment rate – Q4 2024, GUS. https://stat.gov.pl
- Average employment in the enterprise sector – Q4 2024, GUS. https://stat.gov.pl
- Average monthly gross salary in the enterprise sector – Q4 2024, GUS. https://stat.gov.pl
- Number of employees – June 2024, GUS. https://stat.gov.pl
Evaluation of the location as a place to live
- Apartment prices on the primary market – House Prices Database, transaction prices, NBP, Q4 2024 r. https://nbp.pl/publikacje/cykliczne-materialy-analityczne-nbp/rynek-nieruchomosci/informacja-kwartalna
- Apartment prices on the secondary market – House Prices Database, transaction prices, NBP, Q4 2024 r. https://nbp.pl/publikacje/cykliczne-materialy-analityczne-nbp/rynek-nieruchomosci/informacja-kwartalna
- Average rental price for the city – Based on data available at otodom.pl, as at the end of 2024 (for 20-100 sq m apartments)
- Price 1 person room for a student – Based on the data from OLX – average rental prices for a single room (first half of 2025)
- Number of children in nurseries and children’s clubs per 1,000 children up to 3 years old – 2023, GUS. https://stat.gov.pl
- Monthly cost of public transport ticket for an adult, without any concessions or discounts, for zone I in case of division:
- According to the price list of WPT (August 2025) – https://www.wtp.waw.pl/ceny-i-rodzaje-biletow/bilety-dlugookresowe
- According to the price list of MPK-Łódź (August 2025) –https://www.mpk.lodz.pl/showarticleslist.action?category=1267&Aktualna+taryfa
- According to the price list of ZTM of Upper Silesian-Zagłębie Metropolis (August 2025) – https://www.metropoliaztm.pl/pl/s/cennik
- According to the price list of ZTM in Gdańsk (August 2025) – https://ztm.gda.pl/bilety/bilety-okresowe,a,3020
- According to the price list of ZTM in Poznań (August 2025) – https://www.ztm.poznan.pl/wszystko-o-biletach/cennik-biletow
- According to the price list of the Roads and Public Transport Authority in Szczecin (August 2025) – https://www.zditm.szczecin.pl/pl/pasazer/bilety-i-oplaty/bilety-okresowe
- According to the price list on the website of the Roads and Public Transport Authority in Lublin (August 2025) – https://zdtm.lublin.eu/pl/cennik-biletow-1/cennik-biletow-okresowych-bez-lkm-wazny-od-1-lipca-2022-r.html
- According to the price list of MPK Wrocław (August 2025) – https://www.wroclaw.pl/komunikacja/mpk-wroclaw-ceny-biletow
- According to the price list made available by the city of Kraków (August 2025) – https://www.krakow.pl/komunikacja/14905,artykul,ceny_biletow.html
- The city in figures:
- GUS, IV. kw. 2024. https://stat.gov.pl
- Statistics of the Capital Tourism Office (data as at the end of 2023)
- Statistics of the Centre for Environmental Activities in Łódź and the Łódź Tourist Organisation
- Statistics of the Katowice City Office and the Silesian Tourist Organisation
- Statistics of the Gdańsk and Gdynia City Offices as at the end of 2024
- Based on the City Database of the Poznań City Office
- Statistics of the Szczecin City Office
- Statistics of the Lublin City Office (as at the end of 2024)
- Statistics of the Wrocław City Office
- Based on the data from the Lesser Poland Tourist Organisation and the Kraków City Office
Data sources for Budapest:
Introduction
- Unemployment rate – Hungarian Central Statistical Office, HUN, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tps00203/default/table
- Average employment in the enterprise sector – Hungarian Central Statistical Office, HUN, 2024, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Employment_-_annual_statistics
- Average monthly gross salary in the enterprise sector – Hungarian Central Statistical Office, HUN, 2024, https://www.ksh.hu/stadat_files/mun/hu/mun0198.html
Infrastructure
- Distances from cities – Google Maps, https://www.google.com/maps
Office space
- Data Cushman & Wakefield, 2023
Educational potential
- Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2024, https://www.ksh.hu
Employment potential
- Population – Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2024, https://www.ksh.hu/stadat_files/nep/hu/nep0034.html
- Unemployment rate – Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2024, https://www.ksh.hu/stadat_files/mun/hu/mun0104.html
- Average employment in the enterprise sector – Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2024, https://www.ksh.hu/stadat_files/mun/hu/mun0101.html
- Average monthly gross salary in the enterprise sector – Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2024, https://www.ksh.hu/stadat_files/mun/hu/mun0206.html
- Number of employees – Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2024, https://www.ksh.hu/stadat_files/mun/hu/mun0101.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Evaluation of the location as a place to live
- Apartment prices on the primary market – Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2024, https://www.ksh.hu/stadat_files/mun/hu/mun0198.html
- Apartment prices on the secondary market –Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2024, https://www.ksh.hu/stadat_files/lak/hu/lak0028.html
- Average rental price for the city – Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2024, https://www.ksh.hu/s/kiserleti-statisztika/kiadvanyok/kshingatlancom-lakberindex-2024-december
- Price 1 person room for a student – Eduline, 2024, https://eduline.hu/felsooktatas/20240802_Kollgeium_arak_egyetemi_felveteli_2024_lakber
Data sources for Prague:
Infrastructure
- Distances from cities – Google Maps, https://www.google.com/maps
Office space
- Data Cushman & Wakefield, 2023
Educational potential
- MŠMT 2024 – https://msmt.gov.cz
Employment potential
- Population – Czech Statistical Office, 2024, https://csu.gov.cz/pha/nejnovejsi-statisticke-udaje-hl-m-praha
- Unemployment rate – Czech Statistical Office, 2024, https://csu.gov.cz/pha/nejnovejsi-statisticke-udaje-hl-m-praha
- Average employment in the enterprise sector – Czech Statistical Office, 2024, https://csu.gov.cz/pha/nejnovejsi-statisticke-udaje-hl-m-praha
- Average monthly gross salary in the enterprise sector – Czech Statistical Office, 2024, https://csu.gov.cz/pha/nejnovejsi-statisticke-udaje-hl-m-praha
- Number of employees – Czech Statistical Office, 2024, https://csu.gov.cz/pha/nejnovejsi-statisticke-udaje-hl-m-praha
Evaluation of the location as a place to live
- Apartment prices on the primary market – REMAX, 2024, https://www.remaxhorizont.cz/blog/ceny-bytu-2024
- Apartment prices on the secondary market – REMAX, 2024, https://www.remaxhorizont.cz/blog/ceny-bytu-2024
- Average rental price for the city – Delloite Rent Index, 2024, https://www.deloitte.com/cz-sk/en/Industries/real-estate/collections/rent-index.html
- Price 1 person room for a student – VŠE, 2024, https://suz.vse.cz/zajemci-o-ubytovani/dokumenty/cenik-kolejneho/#pal-2425